Highlights: • The new evidence of ketamine ameliorates the depressive-like behaviors in stressed rats.• proBDNF/mBDNF ratio provide novel perspectives and potential targets for the development of effective therapeutic intervention for depression.• The potential antidepressant mechanism of ketamine likely occurs through activating the tPA-BDNF pathway to produce protective effects. Abstract: Some studies have indicated that ketamine has a rapid antidepressant effects, but…

Researchers observed no long-term adverse effects in a small sample of patients with severe and treatment-resistant mood disorders who received ketamine infusions as clinical treatment. Although the response and remission rates after a four-infusion protocol were lower than those reported in most clinical trials, the small size and racial homogeneity of the study population limit…